Quartz 5

Neurology (7%)

2 min read

Here it is organized into structured, high-yield Markdown with your notes preserved and cleaned:

Cerebrovascular Disorders

Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

  • Rare, often genetic, usually asymptomatic

  • Presents with headache, seizures → risk of SAH/stroke

  • Treatment: embolization, surgical resection, medical management

Cerebral Aneurysm

  • Commonly at Circle of Willis (berry aneurysm) → SAH

  • Sentinel headache 1–3 weeks prior (~40%)

  • Treatment: coil or clip

Intracranial Hemorrhage

  • Epidural

  • Subdural

  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

  • Intraparenchymal

Stroke

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Hydrocephalus

  • Obstructive vs excess CSF vs ex vacuo

  • Acquired vs congenital

  • Treatment: EVD or VP shunt

Coma

  • Unarousable, absent reflexes

Syncope

  • Vasovagal

  • Cardiogenic

Closed Head Injuries

  • Concussion

  • Post-concussion syndrome

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

  • Cranial nerve palsies

Encephalopathic Disorders

Headaches

  • Cluster headache

  • Migraine

  • Tension headache

Infectious Disorders

  • Encephalitis

  • Meningitis

Movement Disorders

Essential Tremor

  • Intention tremor

  • Worse with stress, improves with alcohol

  • Treatment: none, propranolol, primidone, DBS

Huntington Disease

  • Dementia → progressive chorea

  • Diagnosis: clinical + family history, caudate atrophy on imaging

  • Treatment:

    • Phenothiazines (chorea)

    • Antipsychotics (behavioral symptoms)

Parkinson Disease

  • Resting tremor (“pill rolling”)

  • Bradykinesia

  • Rigidity (cogwheeling)

  • Postural instability (shuffling gait)

  • Treatment: levodopa/carbidopa, COMT inhibitors, dopamine agonists

Restless Legs Syndrome

Tourette Disorder

Tardive Dyskinesia

Neoplasms

  • Benign

  • Malignant

Nerve Disorders

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

  • Symmetric ascending weakness

  • ↓/absent DTRs

  • Diagnosis:

    • LP: albuminocytologic dissociation (↑ protein, normal cells/glucose)

    • EMG/NCS: slowed conduction velocity

  • Treatment: plasmapheresis or IVIG

Mononeuropathies

Peripheral Neuropathies

Neurocognitive Disorders

  • Cognitive impairment

  • Delirium

Neuromuscular Disorders

Cerebral Palsy

Multiple Sclerosis

Myasthenia Gravis

  • Weakness worsens with repetitive movement

  • Postsynaptic ACh receptor antibodies

  • Associated with thymoma

  • Myasthenic crisis → respiratory failure

  • Diagnosis: edrophonium (Tensilon) test, ice-pack test

Lambert-Eaton Syndrome

Seizure Disorders

  • Focal seizures

  • Generalized seizures

  • Status epilepticus

Spinal Cord Syndromes

  • Cauda equina syndrome

  • Brown-Séquard syndrome

  • Central cord syndrome

  • Anterior cord syndrome

  • Posterior cord syndrome

Epidural Abscess

Spinal Cord Injuries

Traumatic

Non-Traumatic

  • Degenerative disc disease (DDD)

  • Tumors

  • Infection

  • AVM

  • Transverse myelitis

  • Multiple sclerosis

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