PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9)
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia
For treatment: see Antidepressants
MDD
**≥2WKS
Must have 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia)
5+Symptoms: SIGECAPS
- Sleep: insomnia or hypersomnia
- Interest: reduced, with loss of pleasure
- Guilt: often unrealistic
- Energy: mental and physical fatigue
- Concentration: distractibility, memory disturbance, indecisiveness
- Appetite: decreased or increased
- Psychomotor: retardation or agitation
- **Suicide: thoughts, plans, behaviors.
And:
- Symptoms cause significant distress
- Not the result of a substance or general medical condition
- May include psychotic features of hallucinations or delusions
- Symptoms are not better explained by another condition
Specifiers:
- w/ melancholic features: anhedonia, early morning awakening, depression worse in morning, psychomotor agitation/retardation (i.e., restlessness or slowness), excessive guilt, anorexia
- w/ atypical features: hypersomnia, hyperphagia, mood reactivity (i.e., mood ↑ in response to actual or potential positive events), leaden paralysis (i.e., heavy feeling in limbs, weighed down), rejection sensitivity
- w/ mixed features: ≥3SXS of DIGFAST present during depressive episode
- w/ catatonia: catalepsy (immobility), purposeless motor activity, extreme negativism or mutism, bizarre postures, echolalia (*esp. responsive to ECT )
- w/ psychotic features: presence of delusions &/or hallucinations
- w/ anxious distress: feeling keyed up/tense, restlessness, concentration difficulty, fear of something bad happening, feelings of loss of control
- w/ peripartum onset: occurs during pregnancy or within 4wks postpartum
- w/ seasonal pattern: relationship of MDE onset w/ time of year (winter MC but can be any season)
PDD
DSM V combined dysthymia & chronic major depressive disorder into PDD
- more common in women
- onset often in childhood, adolescence, & early adulthood
Depressed mood majority of the day on most days lasting ≥2YRS (1y in children/adolescents)
Never been without symptoms for more than >2MO at a time
Never had manic/hypomanic episode
2+ Symptoms:
- poor appetite or overeating
- insomnia or hypersomnia
- low energy or fatigue
- low self-esteem
- poor concentration or indecisiveness
- feelings of hopelessness