quick reference
HfrEF - Reduced Ejection Fraction / Systolic HF
Etiologies:
Common signs and symptoms of acute heart failure include the following:
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- Orthopnea
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Fatigue and weight gain
- Cough
- Exercise intolerance
- Increasing abdominal girth
- Lower extremity edema
- Shortness of breath when bending forward (“bendopnea”)
- Jugular venous distension